Os menciono una interesante revisión en Circulation Research sobre la epidemiologia de la fibrilación auricular en el siglo XXI, que aconsejo que os bajéis, pero aquí quiero haceros un resumen de lo relacionado con la FA y el ejercicio. Los puntos más importantes son:
1) Hay una asociación inversa e independiente entre la actividad física y la FA. Muchos estudios muestran los efectos beneficiosos para la prevención de la FA en personas que practican ejercicio de forma regular.
2) Entre los beneficios cardiovasculares de realizar una actividad moderada están: atenuación de la obesidad y de la resistencia a la insulina, mejoría de los problemas del colesterol y de la disfunción endotelial, reducción de la tensión arterial.
3) Hay una relación en forma de “J” entre la actividad física y la FA, de tal manera que el esfuerzo intensivo o vigoroso habitual con un alto volumen de ejercicio puede aumentar el riesgo de arritmia.
4) Entre los mecanismos implicados en el mayor riesgo de FA en deportistas se encuentran:
- Aumento del tono vagal.
- Una disminución de la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo.
- Aumento del volumen sistólico.
- Dilatación de las cavidades cardiacas.
- Hipertrofia de paredes.
Todo ello puede conducir a una sobreadaptación cardíaca o incluso a una mala adaptación y a cambios que facilitan el inicio y la perpetuación de la FA.
REFERENCIA
Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation in the 21st Century: Novel Methods and New Insights.
- Kornej J, Börschel CS, Benjamin EJ, Schnabel RB.
- Circ Res. 2020 Jun 19;127(1):4-20. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316340. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
- Enlace al artículo
Fibrilación auricular y actividad física
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