Se están publicando numerosos estudios en relación con estos medicamentos, los inhibidores de la SGLT2.
Se trata de unos fármacos que modulan las proteínas transportadoras de sodio y glucosa en las células renales (nefrona).
En este post os hablo de una revisión publicada en la prestigiosa revista JACC, que tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los inhibidores de SGLT2 sobre los resultados en subgrupos de pacientes con diversas combinaciones de comorbilidad cardiovascular, renal y metabólica. Se trata de un metanálisis de 13 ensayos de inhibidores de SGLT2 frente a placebo en más de 90.000 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC), diabetes tipo 2 (DM-2) o enfermedad renal crónica (ERC).
En comparación con el placebo, los inhibidores de SGLT2 redujeron el riesgo de primera incidencia de muerte cardiovascular (CV) u hospitalización por IC en un 24 % en pacientes diagnosticados de IC, en un 23 % en pacientes con DM-2 y en un 23 % en pacientes con ERC.
Este beneficio fue consistente en pacientes con IC y fracción de eyección reducida o preservada, en pacientes con IC con o sin diabetes tipo 2 y en pacientes con IC con o sin ERC. Asi mismo, el beneficio también fue consistente en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 con o sin ERC, en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin IC, en pacientes con ERC sin HF y en pacientes con las tres.
En comparación con el placebo, los inhibidores de SGLT2 redujeron el riesgo de muerte CV en un 16 % en pacientes con IC, en un 15 % en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y en un 12 % en pacientes con ERC.
Estos hallazgos son muy importantes, porque habitualmente estas entidades (diabetes, insuficiencia cardiaca y nefropatía crónica) suelen estar combinadas en nuestros pacientes, por lo que pueden ser excelentes fármacos para emplear en ellos. Por lo tanto, la conclusión de este trabajo es que los inhibidores de SGLT2 reducen el riesgo de muerte CV y eventos de IC en pacientes con IC, DM-2 y ERC, según un metanálisis publicado en el Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Referencia:
Wiviott SD, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023
https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.035
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