He colaborado en una revisión, titulada “Metabolic impacts of confinement during the covid-19 pandemic due to modified diet and physical activity habits”, donde analizamos el impacto metabólico que puede tener una reducción drástica de la actividad física y las modificaciones súbitas de la dieta en el organismo.
La revista Nutrients publica en su edición del mes de mayo un estudio titulado Metabolic impacts of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic, donde se analizan los riesgos para la salud que conlleva una reducción drástica de la actividad física como consecuencia del actual período de confinamiento. Advertimos que la inactividad y la modificación de la dieta ha podido agravar la diabetes y producir atrofia muscular.
Además, el envejecimiento está asociado con la obesidad abdominal, que contribuye de manera importante a la resistencia a la insulina y al síndrome metabólico, que a su vez aumenta el riesgo de numerosas enfermedades crónicas.
Por lo tanto, el confinamiento podría tener un mayor impacto en las personas de edad avanzada al acelerar el proceso de envejecimiento y la aparición de enfermedades relacionadas con la edad. Y en el caso más extremo, podría acentuar o incluso desencadenar sarcopenia, un síndrome que en ocasiones degenera en discapacidad -por la pérdida de masa muscular-, y llega a provocar hasta la muerte.
Hemos recabado los datos de varios estudios previos que identifican el aumento de la resistencia a la insulina, la grasa corporal total, la grasa abdominal y las citocinas inflamatorias; como las principales consecuencias metabólicas de un sedentarismo extremo.
Según explicamos en nuestro trabajo, todos estos factores se asocian con el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico y a su vez con el incremento del riesgo de mayor severidad a la hora de ser contagiado por COVID-19.
REFERENCIA
María Martinez-Ferran, Fernando de la Guía-Galipienso, Fabián Sanchis-Gomar and Helios Pareja-Galeano
Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1549; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061549
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